ANCIENT CHINA
			Qing Dynasty
			Guang Xu Tong Bao, Machine Milled Cash
			
Kuping One Mace, Guangzhou mint, Year 1889
			
This unorthodox reverse incurred Imperial disapproval, but was not immediately discontinued
			

			
			Authenticity guaranteed!
			
Reign title: Guang Xu, AD 1875-1908
			4.5 grams; 24.2 mm; Shape Round with a square hole
			
			
			

			Obverse:
			
Chinese ideograms
			- Top to bottom:
			光緒 = Guāng Xù , 10th emperor of the Qing dynasty (Manchu) 1875-1908.
			- Left to right:
			寶通 = Bǎo Tōng, means currency
			
Lettering:
			光
			寶 通
			緒
			
Reverse:
			
In Manchu scripts, the mint name: Guwang (Canton)
			
Lettering: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩ 廣
			
平庫
			
錢一
			
Edge: Smooth
			
References: Y# 189
			
 
			
The Trial Minting by Machinery of cash coins
			
The construction of the Kwangtung Mint outside the City of Canton at Huang Hua T'ang commenced in 1887 and was completed in 1889.
			The Kwangtung Mint began trial minting by machinere of cash coins on the 26th day of the fourth moon in 1889. It was officially inaugurated on the 3rd day of the eighth moon of the same year and commened minting of the Kuang Hsu Tung Pao cash coins.
			
This cash coin weighed 1 mace (Chinese measurements) and bore the mint mark Kwang written in both Chinese and Manchu characters and the denomination in Chinese [Equivalent to one cash]. They were for general circulation at the rate of 1000 cash to one tael of silver. This was the new machin-made cash coin, but the cash coins of early issues were allowed to continue their circulation in the market
			
This is a new Kuang Hsu cash coin with a reduced weight of 0.8 mace was struck by the Kwangtung mint with the sanction of the Ch'ing Court in 1890 to off-set a deficit resulting from minting cash coins of 1 mace in weight by machinery in the previous year. This was the kuang Hsu Tung Pao with the Kwang mint mark of two Manchu characters on the reverse. It was valued at par with 1 mace cash coin for general circulation with other cash coins of earlier issues in the local market.
			
This cash coin weighed 1 mace (Chinese measurements) and bore the mint mark Kwang written in both Chinese and Manchu characters and the denomination in Chinese [Equivalent to one cash]. They were for general circulation at the rate of 1000 cash to one tael of silver. This was the new machine-made cash coin, but the cash coins of early issues were allowed to continue their circulation in the market
			
			
			
 
			
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