Japan SAMURAI Tokugawa Gold Coin Koban Man'en gold Koban
Japan Tokugawa coinage (江戸時代の三貨制度)
 
A large ovoid gold Koban
一両 万延小判
 
Man'en gold Koban
 
Gold alloy of 金 Gold: 56.77% / 銀 Silver: 43.23%
 
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Weight: 3.25 grams; Size: 37 x 20.8 mm;
Material: Gold alloy of
Gold: 56.77%/ 銀Silver: 43.23%
 
万延金
 
表面には鏨（たがね）による茣蓙目が刻まれ、上下に桐紋を囲む扇枠、中央上部に「壹两」下部に「光次（花押）」の極印、裏面は中央に花押、下部の左端に小判師の験極印、吹所の験極印が打たれ、年代印は慶長小判と同様に打たれていないが、量目が非常に小さく小型のものであるため、他の小判との区別は容易なものとなっている[1]。

特製の献上小判も作成され、この小判師の験極印、吹所の験極印は意図的に「大」「吉」が打たれている。
 
 
 
Tokugawa coinage (江戸時代の三貨制度)
 
Tokugawa coinage was a unitary and independent metallic monetary system established by Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1601 in Japan, and which lasted throughout the Tokugawa period until its end in 1867.
 
The establishment of Tokugawa coinage followed a period in which Japan was dependent on Chinese bronze coins for its currency. Tokugawa coinage lasted for more than two centuries, and ended with the events of the Boshin war and the establishment of the Meiji restoration. The first attempt at a new currency were made by Hideyoshi, who developed the large Ōban plate, also called the Tensho Ōban (天正大判), in 1588.

From 1601, Tokugawa coinage was minted in gold, silver, and bronze denominations. The denominations were fixed, but the rates actually fluctuated on the exchange market.

The material for the coinage came from gold and silver mines across Japan. To this effect, gold mines were newly opened and exploited, such as the Sado gold mine or the Toi gold mine in Izu Peninsula.
Nibuban and Ichibuban
The Nibuban (二分判) was worth half a Koban and was rectangular gold coin.
The Ichibuban (一分判) could be either made of silver or gold, in which case it was a quarter of a Koban. The gold Ichibuban of 1714 (佐渡一分判金) had a weight of 4.5 g, with 85.6% of gold and 14.2% of silver. The silver Ichibuban from 1837 to 1854 (Tenpō Ichibugin, 天保一分銀, "Old Ichibuban") weighed 8.66 g, with an alloy of 0.21% gold and 98.86% silver.
 
 
Nishuban and Isshuban
There were then Nishuban (二朱判) and Isshuban (一朱判) small denominations of silver or gold, before getting to the Mon or Sen bronze coins.
From 1853 to 1865, the silver Isshuban (Kaei Isshugin, 嘉永一朱銀) weighed 1.88 g, with an alloy of 1.7% gold, 98.7% silver and 1.12% copper.
 
Tokugawa coinage worked according to a triple monetary standard, using gold, silver and bronze coins, each with their own denominations. The systems worked by multiples of 4, and coins were valued according to the Ryō. One Ryō was worth 4 Bu, 16 Shu, or 4,000 Mon (a cheap bronze coin).
 
Main coins of Tokugawa coinage. A large ovoid gold Koban, under it a small gold Ichibuban, top right a silver Ichibuban, under it a silver Isshuban and a bronze round Mon.
 
 
 
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