Hartill 3.377 Square foot spade money Rang Yin, Liang State Zhou dynasty 350 BC
	
		
			
			
Zhou dynasty of China (1045 to 256 BC)
			
Square foot spade money
			
Rang Yin 壤 隂, state of Zheng
			
Weight: 5 grams, Size: 46 mm; Bronze
			
			 
			
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			Reference: Hartill 3.377
			
			Obv: Rang Yin			

			Liang State, 350-250 BC
			 			
Square foot spades
			 			
Square foot spades: This type has square feet, a square crutch, and a central line on the obverse. The reverses are normally only three lines, apart from on spades produced by some mints in the state of Zhao that also produced pointed foot spades. These have numerals on the reverse. The mints that produced square foot spades are more numerous than those that produced the pointed foot spades. Their weights are compatible with the half jin denomination. They are associated with the states of Han, Zhao, Liang, Zhou, and Yan. Their find spots include the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Zhejiang. The type is no doubt contemporary with the pointed foot spades; some mints issued both types, and the two are found together in hoards.
			 
			
Flat handled spade money
			These have lost the hollow handle of the early spades. They nearly all have distinct legs, suggesting that their pattern was influenced by the pointed shoulder Hollow Handled Spades, but had been further stylized for easy handling. They are generally smaller, and sometimes have denominations specified in their inscriptions as well as place names. This, together with such little evidence as can be gleaned from the dates of the establishment of some of the mint towns, show that they were a later development. Archaeological evidence dates them to the Warring States period (475-221 BC). Arched Foot spades have an alloy consisting of about 80% copper; for other types the copper content varies between 40% and 70%.
			
 
			
 
			
 
			
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